<< REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? (eds. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! The Political Economy and Un-ending Search, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Federalism, Decentralisation and the Liberalisation of Business Environment in Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, Nigerian Pseudo-Federalism and the Agitations for Restructuring, The evolution of fiscal centralism and strong centre federalism in Nigeria An historical analysis, The Nigerian fiscal formulas and the agitations for resource control in the Niger delta region of. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. ! The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. /F6 21 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? /Height 235 Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. 1. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria i dont have my first school leaving certificate. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project 7. Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. /BitsPerComponent 8 Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. (PDF) Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? What is federalism? PDF Federalism in Nigeria: the Past, Current Peril and Future Hopes The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. % (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. >> Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. /Width 371 Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in Federalism in Nigeria. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. All rights reserved. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. Power Sharing Formula 7 Topics . 1. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System >> It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. 74 . The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. What are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. /Font << /Subtype /Image /Contents 4 0 R PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Resource control: 3.7 7. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. /Length 3884 "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. ff>qsfN? government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. /F1 6 0 R Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 6 0 obj /F3 12 0 R FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Best information base for latest information both national and international. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. 3 0 obj The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines You can download the paper by clicking the button above. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Payment Details. Adobe d C This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. Rt. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. Your email address will not be published. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB.
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