MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:466473. Article provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply From Jan 1 to Mar 16, 2022, when Omicron was predominant, 4,781 (0.02%) of 19,473,570 booster recipients died of COVID-19, and 58,020 (0.3%) died of other causes. Iowa did not provide immunization data but is included in the overall population-based hospitalization rates. Vaccine effectiveness of cell-culture relative to egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine during the 2017-18 influenza season. Among nonpregnant and pregnant adults aged 18 years, hospitalization rates were calculated overall, and by race/ethnicity and COVID-19 vaccination status. A previous study conducted before the Omicron-predominant period that showed increased risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization among certain racial and ethnic groups, including Black adults, and suggested the increased hospitalization rates were likely multifactorial and could include increased prevalence of underlying medical conditions, increased community-level exposure to and incidence of COVID-19, and poor access to health care in these groups (7). These trends could result in epidemic phase bias if infection severity is correlated with time from infection to test. All other authors declare no competing interests. PubMed Central Trends in disease severity and health care utilization during the early Omicron variant period compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 high transmission periodsUnited States, December 2020January 2022. There was no link between risk of COVID-19 death and race, except for Indian patients, who were at slightly higher risk than their White peers. Receipt of one dose especially during the third trimester was also associated with a reduced risk of infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 6 months of life during the Delta dominant period. Acosta AM, Garg S, Pham H, et al. Nat Commun 14, 894 (2023). According to the CDC, hospitalization rates among the unvaccinated were 16 times higher in December overall. 61) indicates a lower risk of hospitalisation with omicron versus delta, averaging over all age groups and vaccination strata. This activity was reviewed by CDC and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.. Evaluation of acute adverse events after Covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy. The results were unchanged when no adjustments for covariates were made (Supplemental Table3). N. Engl. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Data about boosters was only available for those over 50. *** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI = 2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. Views equals page views plus PDF downloads. All these results were similar to those when no adjustments for covariates are made (Supplemental Table1). Rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among those who had received a booster or additional dose. Halasa, N. B. et al. All rights Reserved. The difference between the two studies might be due to population characteristics and the timing of follow-up as ours went through May 31, 2022, while the Norwegian study ended in April 2022. mmwrq@cdc.gov. Open 5, e2233273 (2022). COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 No other exclusion criteria were applied. A WHO spokesman says China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. Effectiveness of Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccine before and during Proxy Omicron Period. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose (133.5), was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose (45.0). Although the study was unable to directly estimate VE against hospitalization due to the small number of hospitalized cases, it found that over the entire study period, the incidence rate of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life was much lower among the infants whose mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with those whose mothers were not vaccinated. Over the entire study period, the incidence of hospitalization for COVID-19 was lower during the first 6 months of life among infants of vaccinated mothers compared with infants of unvaccinated mothers (21/100,000 person-years vs. 100/100,000 person-years). Rates are calculated using the CDC National Center for Health Statistics vintage 2020 bridged-race postcensal population estimates for the counties included in surveillance. Mortal. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Adults with a positive result whose SARS-CoV-2 test date was 14 days after the first dose of a 2-dose series but <14 days after receipt of the second dose were considered partially vaccinated. However, infants aged <6 months are not currently eligible for any currently available COVID-19 vaccines and must rely on placentally acquired immunity from their mothers. All authors (O.Z., B.F., N.P.K., T.R., M.G., E.L., P.R., K.G., S.O., and E.L.) critically reviewed the manuscript and decided to proceed with publication. Age was the most important risk factor for COVID-19 death (eg, HR, 31.3 for an 80-year-old vs a 50-year-old). 2022 The Authors. Among all adults, relative to the Delta-predominant period, COVID-19related illness was the primary reason for admission for a smaller percentage of hospitalizations (87.5% versus 95.5%, p<0.01), and median length of stay was shorter (4 versus 5 days, p<0.01) during the Omicron-predominant period; during this period, the proportion of patients admitted to an intensive care unit, who received invasive mechanical ventilation, and who died in-hospital decreased significantly (all p<0.01). In the first study, a team led by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) researchers analyzed data on 192,509 hospitalizations from more than 250 hospitals in 13 states participating in the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network from Jan 1, 2021, to Apr 30, 2022. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. GD declares that his employer UK Health Security Agency (previously operating as Public Health England) received funding from GlaxoSmithKline for a research project related to influenza antiviral treatment. https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1. N. Engl. As of December 25, the rate among unvaccinated people was 78 per 100,000, compared to 4 per 100,000 among fully vaccinated people, the CDC reported. Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained. JAMA 327, 10871089 (2022). The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. T.R. Wkly. Requests for access to the underlying source data should be directed to UKHSA. Statistical codes are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author. To ensure stability and reliability of rates by vaccination status, data are presented beginning when 14 days have passed since at least 5% of the population of adults aged 18 years in the COVID-NET surveillance catchment area had received an additional or booster dose. In this design, we used Cox proportional hazards models with calendar days as the underlying scale to estimate hazard ratios and calculated vaccine effectiveness as 1 minus the hazard ratio. WHO/Europe | The Omicron variant: sorting fact from myth It is possible that our exclusion criteria may have resulted in a final sample that may not be reflective of all KPNC infants. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in COVID Data Tracker Weekly Review | CDC Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis. NMF, SB, SFunk, ACG, DDA, and AMP acquired funding. TN and NMF were responsible for visualisation. The objective of this study was to further evaluate the effectiveness of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life during the Delta and Omicron variant periods. Omicron symptoms: Here's what to expect and what we know about the The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) Garg S, Patel K, Pham H, et al. IMV status was missing in 1.4% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are otherwise included elsewhere in the analysis. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, as COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). All adjustment variables were selected a priori based on prior work36. CAS All adults should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. The stats are for COVID-associated hospitalizations, which may include people for whom COVID-19 was not the primary reason for admission. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. COVID-19associated signs and symptoms included respiratory symptoms (congestion or runny nose, cough, hemoptysis or bloody sputum, shortness of breath or respiratory distress, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, and wheezing) and non-respiratory symptoms (abdominal pain, altered mental status or confusion, anosmia or decreased smell, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysgeusia or decreased taste, fatigue, fever or chills, headache, muscle aches or myalgias, nausea or vomiting, rash, and seizures). 226, 236 e1236.e14 (2022). Among 829 adults hospitalized during the Omicron-predominant period, 49.4% were unvaccinated, compared with 69.5% during the Delta-predominant period (p<0.01). You can review and change the way we collect information below. Nursing home residents have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19; older age, comorbidities, and the congregate nature of nursing homes place residents at higher risk for infection and severe COVID-19-associated outcomes . The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in late 2021, Canadian public health case/contact testing was scaled back due to high infection rates with milder symptoms in a highly vaccinated population. Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. Stay up to date with what you want to know. Johnson AG, Amin AB, Ali AR, et al. Only 16% of children between the ages of 5 and 11 are fully vaccinated, and that number climbs to just over 50% of adolescents between ages 12 and 17, according to CDC data . Polack, F. P. et al. Child hospitalization rates reach record highs amid Omicron's surge Libby Reeg reports grants from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services during the conduct of the study. NMF, MC, GD, DDA, AMP, and ST supervised the work. MB), Help with If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. Vaccine 31, 21652168 (2013). SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: technical briefing 35. CDC Charts Show Hospitalization Rates for Unvaxxed, 2 Doses, 3 Doses All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Abbreviation: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among nonimmunocompromised children and adolescents aged 5-17 yearsVISION Network, 10 states, April 2021-January 2022. COVID-19 hospitalization rates per 100,000 population by age and vaccination status, January 05 to February 01, 2023 Age group Age-specific rate per 100,000 among unvaccinated individuals Age-specific rate per 100,000 among those who received at least one booster dose Likelihood of unvaccinated individuals being hospitalized with Morb. We did not assess whether vaccines received before pregnancy or immediately after pregnancy were associated with a reduced risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in infants. Unvaccinated Children Hospitalized at Twice the Rate During Omicron The TND analyses avoid this bias by limiting the analysis to infants who were tested for SARS-CoV-2. J. Med. In the TND, we estimated that during the Delta predominant period, maternal vaccination with at least doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 95% (95% CI:76, 99) during the first 2 months of life, 70% (95% CI: 52, 82) during the first 4 months of life, and 61% (95% CI: 42, 74) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). Sign up for notifications from Insider! Waning 2-dose and 3-dose effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among adults during periods of delta and omicron variant predominanceVISION Network, 10 states, August 2021-January 2022. Ousseny Zerbo. Still, even with a smaller percentage of people getting severely ill during the Omicron wave, a large number of cases over a short time can lead to a spike in people being hospitalized or admitted . First, COVID-19associated hospitalizations might have been missed because of hospital testing practices and test availability. Monthly incidence is based on SARS-CoV-2 positive test result date or, if not known, hospital admission date. Analyses were conducted using SAS statistical software survey procedures (version 9.4; SAS Institute). This analysis describes weekly hospitalization rates during Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods. The proportion of hospitalized Black adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with or without a booster or additional dose increased from 4.7% and 14.9%, respectively, during the Delta-predominant period to 14.8% and 25.5%, respectively, during the Omicron-predominant period; Hispanic adults experienced smaller increases. Gynecol. Risk was especially high for people with severe combined immunodeficiency (HR, 6.2). China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. ; COVID-NET Surveillance Team. The TND, a case-control study, has been commonly used in studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and more recently COVID-19 vaccines. Danino, D. et al. Office of the Vice President for Research. In January 2022, unvaccinated adults and those vaccinated with a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, were 12 and three times as likely to be hospitalized, respectively, as were adults who received booster or additional doses. J. Effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines in ambulatory and inpatient care settings. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. For infants, we included age, as a categorical time-changing variable in 30-day increments. Dis. CDC is not responsible for the content A study from the U.K. government, published last week, found that three doses of vaccine. Google Scholar. Data among adults over 50 showed that a booster shot gave even stronger protection. After adjusting for covariates, vaccination during pregnancy significantly reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93) during the first 2 months of life, 62% (95% CI: 39, 77) during the first 4 months of life and 56% (95% CI: 34,71) during the first 6 months of life. On the bias of estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness from test-negative studies. Receipt of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and preterm or small-for-gestational-age at birtheight integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 15, 2020-July 22, 2021. While this proportion might not be representative of the proportion of vaccinated pregnant women within KPNC because of our exclusion criteria, more efforts are needed to promote COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant persons because vaccination provides protection to mothers and their infants until they are old enough to receive their own COVID-19 vaccines. Morb. South Africa omicron crisis: Cases, hospitalizations and - CNBC If ethnicity was unknown, non-Hispanic ethnicity was assumed. Percentages presented for the overall number are weighted row percentages. The data cannot be shared publicly because the data contain potentially identifying or sensitive patient information and is legally restricted by Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Vaccination status is based on state immunization information system data. Our analysis . Kharbanda, E. O. et al. Omicron Is Not More Severe for Children, Despite Rising Rep. 69, 10811088 (2020). Morb. J. Med. We examined the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection in 30,311 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from December 15, 2020, to May 31, 2022. Wkly. Rates cannot be stratified by pregnancy status because the underlying population of pregnant women in the catchment area is unknown. pdf files, Omicron: fewer adverse outcomes come with new dangers, Statement on offensive historical content, Redistribute or republish the final article, Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works. In the US, as of the end of September 2022, almost 15 million children ages <18 years have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). During the Omicron-predominant period, hospitalization rates increased among unvaccinated persons and those who completed a primary series, with and without receipt of a booster or additional dose (Figure 2). 182, 825831 (2022). Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. J., Fireman. Hospitalization of infants and children aged 0-4 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 14 states, March 2020-February 2022. However, data currently available on the persistence of immunity after vaccination on the one hand and the emergence of viral variants with reduced sensibility to vaccine immunity on the other, raise the need to administer boosters to maintain the protection and to compare . the date of publication. PubMed Iuliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, et al. This can lead to overestimates of first doses and underestimates of subsequent doses, and underestimates of hospitalization rates in persons who received additional or booster doses. Hospitalization rates were 10.5 times higher in the unvaccinated and 2.5 times higher in vaccinated patients with no booster than in booster recipients. J. Med. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more severe disease and more hospitalizations, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. 26K views, 1.2K likes, 65 loves, 454 comments, 23 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Citizen TV Kenya: #FridayNight TN and NMF validated the data. Foppa, I. M., Haber, M., Ferdinands, J. M. & Shay, D. K. The case test-negative design for studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine. The rates don't account for non-vaccine-related risks, Mark Jit, professor of vaccine epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine told Insider in an email. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2130479. Slider with three articles shown per slide. In addition, our study period included two different SARV-CoV-2 variants, which allowed estimation of the effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy in infants during both the Delta and Omicron variant periods. However, linking is sometimes not possible because CDC does not receive personally identifiable information about vaccine doses. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy during the preceding 12 months. * Data are from a weighted sample of hospitalized nonpregnant adults with completed medical record abstractions and a discharge disposition. Lipkind, H. S. et al. Furthermore, it was reassuring that both the cohort and the secondary TND yielded vaccine effectiveness estimates in the same direction. 387, 227236 (2022). JAMA 326, 16291631 (2021). Google Scholar. Morb. J. Med. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Gretchen Rothrock, California Emerging Infections Program; Millen Tsegaye, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Julie Plano, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health; Kyle Openo, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University; Andy Weigel, Iowa Department of Health; Chloe Brown, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Erica Bye, Minnesota Department of Health; Wickliffe Omondi, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico; Alison Muse, New York State Department of Health; Christina Felsen, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Eli Shiltz, Ohio Department of Health; Nasreen Abdullah, Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; William Schaffner, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Melanie Crossland, Salt Lake County Health Department.
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